Toward Machine Risk Perception: Integrating Trust Calibration and Precursor-Based Risk Estimation for Humanoid

arXiv:2606.20748v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Humanoid robots are emerging as co-workers in smart manufacturing, yet their dynamic, human-like movements introduce safety risks that differ fundamentally from those of fixed or wheeled robots. Conventional safety paradigms based on reactive force or distance limits fail to capture the sequential, uncertain nature of humanoid failures. This study proposes a precursor-driven, trust-calibrated framework to enable proactive humanoid risk perception. ...