Majority Vote Silences Minority Values: Annotator Disagreement at the Hate/Offensive Boundary in HateXplain

arXiv:2606.28772v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Hate speech annotation pipelines routinely collapse annotator disagreement into majority vote labels before training. We show that this aggregation is not neutral: 42.6% of all annotator disagreement in HateXplain concentrates specifically at the hate/offensive boundary, a pattern consistent with annotators applying different thresholds for where hate begins (chi-squared = 135.199, df = 2, p < 0.0001). Both a hard-label BERT model (Model A) and a s...